Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 102

Paper Example as certain worries; â€Å"If a spouse fears savagery or departure on her husbands part, there is no fault on them on the off chance that they organize an agreeable settlement between themselves† (Quran: Surah 4 Verse 128 refered to in Farag). Notwithstanding directing the spouse and the wife, Allah has additionally guided on how compromise between the two must be drawn closer with the assistance of their family members in these words, â€Å"If ye dread a break between them twain, choose (two) referees, one from his family, and the other from hers; in the event that they wish for harmony, God will cause their compromise: For God hath full information, and is familiar with all things† (Quran: Surah 4 Verse 35 refered to in Farag). Separation gets inescapable after all reconciliatory endeavors have turned out purposeless. Islamic law as portrayed by Quran is down to earth and chivalrous as opposed to ridiculous. A definitive reason for marriage is harmony and joy. Marriage furnishes individuals with an approach to carry on with the life cheerfully and to set the establishments of another family. In the event that a couple can't accomplish that together independent of their earnest attempts, at that point separate is permitted. Islam accentuates a great deal on the idea of unobtrusiveness and conventionality for the two people. The clothing standard makes a basic piece of this. Allah has talked about the matter of hijab for men in Quran in these words, â€Å"Say to the accepting men that: they should cast down their looks and watchman their reproductive organs (by being pure). This is better for them† (Quran: Chapter 24, Verse 30 refered to in â€Å"The Qur’an and†). At somewhere else in the Quran, Allah has portrayed how ladies should dress to keep up the Hijab in these words, â€Å"O Prophet! State to your spouses, your little girls, and the ladies of the devotees that: they should let downward on themselves their jalabib† (Quran: Chapter 33, Verse 59 refered to in â€Å"The Qur’an and†). Hijab is critical for the two people since it causes them ensure their humility and regard. In the current age, when ladies have too

Simple Stimulus Learning Habituation and Perceptuality

The Concept of Habituation is a basic learning technique described by a decrement in power of the neural or harmless reaction to the rehashed utilization of improvements. Along these lines, habituation permits a creature to overlook such improvements as insignificant and decides not to react to its application when more than once exposed to comparable upgrades (Meredith, Stein, 1996).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Simple Stimulus Learning: Habituation and Perceptuality explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Meredith and Stein (1996) note one such guide to be a fowl that becomes habituated and doesn't flee from individuals whom it could run before visit incitements are applied. Research led on the habituation of creatures shows that creatures figure out how to decidedly or adversely partner explicit upgrades by restrictively reacting to the utilization of explicit types of boosts. Habituation is pervasively installed in each organism’s tangib le framework and empowers them manage the cost of various standards of conduct because of the hierarchal types of habituation. A model is a canine that has been habituated to react to a chime regardless of the nonappearance or nearness of a feast. Analysts see both aversive and guarded reactions as regularly comparative in greatness with slight varieties. The changed power and reaction to upgrades and the subsequent habituation is legitimately identified with the force of the applied improvements, a by and large acknowledged rule by numerous scientists. Be that as it may, the general agreement fluctuates broadly. As per Miller, Morse, Dorman (1977), distinct methodologies in exploring habituation with rehashed uses of upgrades show differed reactions. In any case, results from such examinations check the habituation idea. One such is habituating individuals with various tones. In the event that various gatherings are blessed to receive various tones, the need to arrange them to the upgrades emerges. This is the situation with newborn children. At the point when babies are habituated through the novel boosts they react inquiringly to the new upgrades than the old improvements, obviously showing oddity and habituation. Correspondingly, rodents exceptionally try to examine new items added to a test situation unmistakably delineating the oddity acknowledgment recognized previously. Components that Affect Perceptual Learning The idea of perceptual learning is impacted by the degree or degree to which people are acquainted with an applied boost. A natural improvement drives us to see and expand on what we have seen. In this manner, learning is quicker with related knowledge than with another boost. Be that as it may, it is critical to take note of the essentialness of appending weight in recognizing stimuli.Advertising Looking for article on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other impacting factors remember the level of positive and negative examples for deciding the differentiating boost that may not be founded on a basic set up benchmark. The change from an easy to trouble boosts decides the degree of segregation important to make a particular level of direction. That upgrades later capacities to segregate in a more trouble condition. Assignment requests for a creature fundamentally impact the perceptual learning process contingent upon explicit requirements related with the learning task. Notwithstanding this errand is consideration and criticism. Mill operator et al. (1977) contend that the viability of an assignment is impacted by an ascent over the learning level to a given degree before a drop is experienced. This gives a system to the sort of reaction explicit to boosts and feedback.The consideration and input worldview fundamentally depends on task requests and execution conduct for explicit upgrades. The conduct of creatures especially when presented to new condition s, for example, the flexibly of new food inspires separation. In spite of the fact that examination demonstrates that this presentation spins around habituation and minor introduction, definite investigations have indicated that even creatures need to adjust. This contention prompts less in general suppositions about upgrades and resumption of the old habituation. Impacts of Stimulus Exposure These impacts incorporate predominance for recognizable boosts, preparing help, potentiated frighten, and summarization. Mill operator et al’s. (1977) contention that the passionate variable of boosts can ascend in commonness to explicit upgrades when a creature is presented to the improvements is noteworthy. This methodology is usually alluded to as insignificant introduction and is portrayed by absence of remunerations or an occasion that brings out boosts. This is apparent with numerous creatures, for example, rodents. Rodents demonstrate neophobia by distinctively declining to devour new food that may appear to be peculiar to them. Be that as it may, as they become acquainted with the new food, these creatures become increasingly appended and devour increasingly more of the food. In actuality, nature breeds a more grounded connect. This social worldview can be strengthened through tactile versatility without essentially inspiring boosts (Miller et al., 1977).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Simple Stimulus Learning: Habituation and Perceptuality explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, Miller et al. (1977) note that preparing help can upgrade segregation and distinguishing proof at a quicker rate than when presented just because. This depends on earlier enactment of the tangible nerves in recognition. That infers time is low and responses are quicker for boosts that had been acquainted contrasted and a recently presented upgrades. Another impact is potentiated frighten. The greatness of the frighten brough t about by an occurrence like the eruption of noisy music can make a response which when habituated diminishes. Be that as it may, foundation improvements when joined with the habituated surprise may make the response ascend as opposed to declining. This is the situation for recognizing the measure of dread characteristic in creatures. Potentiated surprises when fused with dread have the impact of causing higher responses (Mondor Breau, 1999). The potential idea of restatements essentially expands the level of reaction to upgrades. Notwithstanding, habituated restated boosts can be enjoyed or detested by the objective creature, contingent upon the level of direction to the applied improvements and the standards used to control the upgrades. Utilization of Stimuli to genuine circumstances In the genuine condition, improvements assume a critical job in the treatment of different ailments including nervousness, fears among others. Enthusiastic flooding is recognizably a one of a kind m ethodology in uncovering an objective circumstance to controlled upgrades of dread. This infers a decrease in the dread outcomes from rehashed use of the boosts. A model is on the off chance that one apprehensions riding on a pony, a ride on a pony might be suggested. This gives delayed introduction to the subject that feelings of trepidation riding, with the results of lightening the apprehensions. Various advisors propose various methodologies of treating conditions related with boosts. Mondor and Breau (1999) see David Barlow to be a steadfast defender of the last mentioned. Barlow attests that most extreme introduction to boosts had the counter impact of reducing the issue with specific patients. Such remedies have been appeared to successfully lessen the tension related with a particular patient on a particular event.Advertising Searching for exposition on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Different applications in the genuine circumstances are computer generated reality restorative exposures. This methodology incorporates flight occasions that people that dread flying are blessed to receive flight related improvements by utilization of a protective cap that is planned with the qualities of computer generated reality. Practically 70% achievement rates have been recorded. End Habituations are universally inserted in each organism’s tactile framework and empowers them bear the cost of various standards of conduct in light of the hierarchal types of habituation. It changes in force with the applied boosts. Diverse Reponses be that as it may, have been recognized to essentially impact the changed types of reaction. These reactions are indispensable for the treatment of fear, dread, and different types of mental issues. Be that as it may, further research should be led to experimentally strengthen the disagreeable issues identified with these types of medicines. Refe rences Meredith, M. A., Stein, B. E. (1996). Spatial determinants of multisensory combination in feline unrivaled colliculus neurons. Diary of Neurophysiology, 75, 1843-1857. Mill operator, C. L., Morse, P. A., Dorman, M. F. (1977). Heart lists of baby discourse observation: Orienting and burst segregation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29, 533-545. Mondor, T. A., Breau, L. M. (1999). Facilitative and inhibitory impacts of area and recurrence prompts: Evidence of a balance in perceptual affectability. Discernment Psychophysics, 61, 438-444. This paper on Simple Stimulus Learning: Habituation and Perceptuality was composed and put together by client Hezekiah Valenzuela to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

RTMM Inc Case Study Analysis - Free Essay Example

RTMM Inc case study analysis Introduction RTMM Inc is a software development company. It was recently established to meet the current global demand in technology and its related activities. With the efforts of the software engineers who are currently working in the company, more achievements of the vision and mission stated in its act are being realized daily. Moreover, there exist more opportunities whereby new employees will be offered a chance to use their skills in improving the current position of this company and have a chance to develop them further. Since the company is engaging itself in the development of software, it is also focused on the self-development of its esteemed staff members. These are the people who are likely to be attracted to the position with a salary of 410k and the other package benefits. People who are likely to be attracted to the position Senior Accountant RTMM Inc is focused to sell its products in many different places. In this case, there will be huge monetary transactions taking place every time. This leads to the need of having a person responsible in keeping records of these transactions for future reference. It is also very important that Business Properties are protected. The accountant will get a chance to review the stated amount, especially during purchase of items. He/she will also be reviewing and considering the various types of invoices expected in the company. In addition, the company will have to meet some legal requirements which may include taxation from the government as per the provision of the law. It is in this area where the base of returns, statements and documents are prepared and kept. Programmers Different technical activities take place in this company. Computers, among other equipment operate by use of power supplied from other firms. There is the need to regularly check the power distribution and also regulate in accordance to the requirement of each equipment so as to avoid damage that may affect regular operation of the company. Since there is more involvement in computer usage, their maintenance will be highly valued and put into consideration. Technicians will also be required and get regular instruction, directions and guidelines for the software engineers. Section Managers Since the firm is interested in meeting global competition, different managers will specialize in different activities. The production process will require a person, who will engage in a thorough research of deducing from the society, what is needed, Cooper, (1983). He should be very interactive with junior staffs too, so as to understand their skill and devotion to work. In conjunction with the software engineers, production manager will be able to influence the competence of this firm. As seen earlier is inevitable in the process of creating awareness about a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s existence. After the production of software in this firm, they will have to b e sold to the prospected customer for a specified period of time or with a given rate. The sales manager will have the role, through the assistance of several marketing officers, of creating awareness of software products, give knowledge, convince customer why they should like the product, how to use it and where to purchase it. These activities mainly take place in the televisions, infomercials, online radios, press, billboards, streets and mobile boards among others. Security director Whenever a number of people come together for a common purpose, there is likelihood that regular misunderstanding might be taking place. It is therefore necessary to have a person who will be involved in the security concern for all staffs in and outside the company. He will ensure that the rules and regulations stated in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s act are not overlooked. He will be required to apply sound judgments when responding to law enforcement and legal requirement stated in the comp any. During the transportation of products, he will also be required to take the details of the person involved and the vehicle used. In addition, he will be in a good position to give feedback to the management concerning the current challenges in his department and his proposed opinions in putting the company in a safer position. In relation to executive protection, he will be required to conduct thorough investigations. Products innovators and researchers According to Storey Easingwood (1998), for a company to keep on growing, there is the need to constantly compare its operation with that of other firms. These people are supposed to be professions who have gotten close interaction with members of the society, other companies, and the manager concerned with production. They should also liaise with the sales manager to give them knowledge on branding, blending, packaging and distribution of products. Recruiting manager, RTMM Inc., P.O. Box 20th January 2014 Ke isha Jackson P.O Box Dear Keisha Jackson; Re: consideration in the previously extended job offer. I would like to notify you that RTMM Inc has considered you qualified in working with this software development company as a software engineer. It is with great pleasure that on behalf of the company letting you know that after selecting you in this competitive job offer, the concerns you raised have been closely reviewed and none of your requests have been overlooked. RTMM Inc. is a software development company that is currently working closely with the employees to realize the demands of the society. It has been my concern on behalf of the company to ensure that those who secure positions in the company are highly qualified where in this case you fit. As a matter of appreciation in your efforts to meet these qualifications and experience you have, the company is guaranteeing you a job security, bonuses which will be on an annual basis, 401k, you will get the opportun ity to develop yourself further in different areas, I will also assure you that in this company there is autonomy of work at all time. You will also get a chance to enjoy a variety of tasks, and be assured that it will be easy for you to adapt to our culture as we embrace individual differences. There will also be a chance to work in higher positions whenever an opportunity arises depending on your competency. With the above regards, please report in the recruiting managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s office in two days to get further details about the operation of this company and its social responsibilities. I am looking forward towards positive cooperation with you! Conclusion On realization that the above positions have been filled, the company will be in a position to become competitive globally and serve many clients every second. It will also have a chance to expand with time, hence offering more employment opportunities. References Storey, C., Easingwood, C. (1998). The augmented service offering: conceptualization and study of its impact on new service success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 15 (4), 335à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢351.

Biography of Rubén Blades

Rubà ©n Blades Bellido de Luna (born July 16, 1948) is a Panamanian singer/songwriter, actor, activist, and politician. He was a key figure in popularizing New York-based salsa music in the 1970s, with socially conscious lyrics that commented on poverty and violence in Latino communities and U.S. imperialism in Latin America. However, unlike most musicians, Blades has been able to toggle between multiple careers in his life, including serving as Minister of Tourism in Panama. Fast Facts: Rubà ©n Blades Known For:  Salsa singer/songwriter, actor, Panamanian politicianBorn:  July 16, 1948 in Panama City, PanamaParents:  Rubà ©n Darà ­o Blades, Sr., Anoland Dà ­az (original surname Bellido de Luna)Spouse:  Luba MasonChildren: Joseph VerneEducation: Masters Degree in International Law, Harvard Graduate Law School (1985); Bachelors Degree in Law and Political Science, University of Panama (1974)Awards and Honors: 17 Grammys (9 U.S. Grammys, 8 Latin Grammys); Honorary Doctorate degrees from University of California, Berkeley; Lehman College; and the Berklee College of Music Early Life and Education Rubà ©n Blades was born in Panama City to a Cuban mother, musician Anoland Dà ­az (original surname Bellido de Luna), and a Colombian father, Rubà ©n Darà ­o Blades, Sr., an athlete and percussionist. He earned a bachelors degree from the University of Panama in law and political science in 1974. In 1973 Blades parents had moved to Miami because Rubà ©n, Sr. had been accused by General Manuel Noriega, then chief of military intelligence under President Omar Torrijos, of working for the CIA. The following year, after graduating from the University of Panama, Rubà ©n, Jr. followed his family to the U.S., but headed not to Miami, but to New York to try and break into the salsa scene. He began working in the mailroom at Fania Records, where he would eventually become one of the labels major recording artists. He took a break from his musical career in the early 1980s to pursue a Masters Degree in International Law from Harvard University, which he earned in 1985. Rubà ©n Blades and Willie Colon in the 1970s. Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images Cultural Impact Blades has had a significant impact on Latino music and culture writ large, particularly with regards to his recordings with Fania Records and other leading salsa musicians of the 1970s, like Willie Colà ³n. Their joint album Siembra is the best-selling salsa album in history, with over 25 million copies sold. He is widely known as the intellectual of salsa music, with lyrics that reference Latin American literature and issue bold social critiques on a range of issues affecting Latinos. Regarding his desire to make more explicitly political music during his time with Fania, he recently stated, â€Å"It didn’t make me popular in the industry, where you aren’t supposed to antagonize people, you are supposed to smile and be nice in order to sell records. But I never bought into that.† Ruben Blades with their Grammy Awards for Latin Pop at the 2000 Grammy Awards held in Los Angeles, CA.   Scott Gries / Getty Images As an actor, Blades has also had a long and fruitful career, which began in 1983 with the film The Last Fight and most recently included a role on the TV show Fear the Walking Dead. He has often turned down roles that reinforced stereotypes about Latinos. When offered a role as a drug dealer in the hit 1980s show Miami Vice, he rejected the offer, stating: â€Å"When are we going to stop playing the drug addict, the pimp and the whore?...I could never do that stuff. I’d rather kill myself first†. He continued, regarding the scripts he continued to receive: â€Å"In half, they want me to play a Colombian coke dealer. In the other half, they want me to play a Cuban coke dealer. Doesn’t anyone want me to play a lawyer?† Politics and Activism Blades is well-known for his left-leaning political orientation, particularly his critiques of U.S. imperialism and intervention into Latin America, which have often made their way into his music. His 1980 recording Tiburà ³n, for example, was an allegorical critique of American imperialism, and Ollies Doo-Wop (1988) addressed the Iran-Contra scandal that funded the U.S.-backed war against the socialist Sandinista government in Nicaragua. However, he has also been critical of leftist authoritarian governments or Marxist Leninist dictatorships, as he referred to the governments in Cuba and Venezuela. Musicians Residente (R) of Calle 13 and Ruben Blades perform onstage at the 10th Annual Latin GRAMMY Awards held at the Mandalay Bay Events Center on November 5, 2009 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Michael Caulfield / Getty Images Blades political activism stems from his experience as a young Panamanian in the 1960s who saw Americans living in the Canal Zone disrespecting Panamas sovereignty and treating the country as an extension of the U.S. He began to learn about racial segregation in the U.S. and its historic treatment of Native Americans, which contributed to his emerging political consciousness. U.S. foreign policy in Central America in the 1970s and 80s—particularly its role in the civil wars in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala—was also an issue that affected Blades deeply. The U.S. invasion of Panama in 1989 to depose Manuel Noriega was a major reason Blades returned to Panama in 1993 to run for president. He founded a political party, Papa Egorà ³ (meaning Mother Earth in the Embera language of Panamas indigenous population), and ran for president in 1994, coming in third place out of seven candidates, with 18% of the vote. He was later asked to join the government of Martà ­n Torrijos, and served as the Minister of Tourism from 2004 to 2009, an important post since tourism is the countrys main economic driver. He has spoken about not wanting to sacrifice Panamas natural environment in exchange for foreign investment, and the fact that he stressed the development of small-scale eco-tourism and cultural tourism over large-scale tourist amenities. There has been speculation for years about whether Blades will run for president again in Panama, but thus far he has not made an announcement to that effect. Writing Blades publishes a fair amount of opinion writing on his website, mostly related to the political situations in various Latin American countries, with a focus on Panama and Venezuela. Sources Rubenblades.com. http://rubenblades.com/, accessed June 1, 2019. Shaw, Lauren. Interview with Rubà ©n Blades. In Song and Social Change in Latin America, edited by Lauren Shaw. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013.

Theme Of Fire In Fahrenheit 451 - 1246 Words

The world of Fahrenheit 451 is not a place that one may want to live. It is a dystopian world. With authoritative control and absolutely no individual freedom, the author Ray Bradbury really set out to emphasize not only the need for literature/knowledge but also the power technology holds in his envisioned future. The novel being titled Fahrenheit 451 one might have thoughts of heat or burning or fire. Whether fire is being used as a weapon of destruction or a way to cleanse the impurity in the world, fire seems to be a recurring theme in this futuristic setting. Fire or the symbolism of fire carries the story throughout the novel. The whole story is revolved around not only the burning of books, but also knowledge, history, and†¦show more content†¦Thrusting himself into an identity crisis because he realizes his own identity is being puppeteered by others. During the first parts of the novel the audience only saw Montag as a shell of a person with no real depth but when he finally starts to process the people and events around him, he really begins to shine as a character. Montag starts to fear fire and its corrupt uses. In this dystopian world, society passes judgement through fire that Montag himself carries out and he begins to have inner conflict throughout the novel. During the end of Fahrenheit 451 Montag comes across â€Å"book people†, scholars led by Granger. Montag sees their bonfire of sorts warming them in the cold. â€Å"The small motion, the white and red color, a strange fire because it meant a different thin g to him. It was not burning, it was warming,† (pg. 139). He sees the fire not hurt these men—as he has grown accustomed to—but helping them acting as a hearth that the come close to for comfort and protection. He starts to realize that fire has a duality and the way it is handled is for the person to decide. Similarly, Montag understands that as long as he is willing he has the power to control his identity, both the destructive and creative sides to it. In a similar fashion Montag, in still forming his individuality, both destructive and creative aspectsShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Fire In Fahrenheit 4511555 Words   |  7 Pageswas a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed† (Bradbury 1). As a force of nature, fire demolishes objects uncontrollably once set free. Eating each individual object slowly, savouring the process of destruction. In Ray Bradbury’s dystopian novel, Fahrenheit 451, Montag is the liberator of fire, using it to burn books, to watch them catch aflame and flutter in the air until they turn into a pile of black ash. As a fireman, Montag relishesRead MoreTheme Of Fire In Fahrenheit 451934 Words   |  4 PagesFire, the symbol of warmth, destruction, and renewal, is a dominant image in the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Guy Montag, the protagonist, lives in a grim, futuristic United States where people have given up books and knowledge in general for entertainment and instant gratification. The standard use of fire to warm and heat has been replaced to be used for destruction and entertainment. Montag’s job as a fireman clearly shows this, as he is required to burn books and houses. Montag’s understandingRead MoreEssay on Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury972 Words   |  4 PagesIn Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, irony is used to convey information and it contributes to the overall theme of the novel. Written during the era of M cCarthyism, Fahrenheit 451 is about a society where books are illegal. This society believes that being intellectual is bad and that a lot of things that are easily accessible today should be censored. The overall message of the book is that censorship is not beneficial to society, and that it could cause great harm to one’s intelligence and socialRead MoreReview of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesReview of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 In Ray Bradburys novel Fahrenheit 451, the author utilizes the luxuries of life in America today, in addition to various occupations Read MoreFahrenheit 451 And V For Vendetta, By Ray Bradbury1457 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury and the film V for Vendetta by James McTeigue, there are a different range of features of their text type which explore the common theme of individuality against oppression. A fascist government occupies London after a world war in V for Vendetta. Where V uses terrorist tactics to fight the dictators, after saving Evey from the secret police, he now discovers an ally in the battle against England’s corrupt government. Fahrenheit 451, set in the futuristicRead MoreFigurative Language In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury702 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Don’t face a problem, burn it.† (Bradbury 115). This is a quote from the book, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Fahrenheit 451 follows Montag’s journey after he begins to realize the truth about books. The overall theme is censorship and more importantly the result of it. In the beginning of the novel, Ray Bradbury focuses on figurative language to convey his theme. Throughout the first part, Bradbury uses many forms of figurative language such similes, metaphors, and irony. One example ofRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesViolence Is Frequently Relevant To the Society in Fahrenheit 451 Fahrenheit 451 is a novel written by Ray Bradbury. In Bradbury’s futuristic novel, violence is prevalently revealed in the society. Violence in society is aggression, cruelty, rough or injurious physical actions and treatment towards the citizens and civilization in the society, where everyone has the same theory and beliefs on the way one should act. In Fahrenheit 451, everyone is careless and relatively violent with the exceptionRead MoreFahrenheit 451: the Firemen851 Words   |  4 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 staunchly contrasts these other writings; rather than presenting some omniscient tale admonishing its audience of the dangers of government hierarchy, Bradbury uses satire to criticize primarily emerging trends in society, providing an account that deems them equally as harrowing and dangerous as some authoritarian government, although he does include a limited number of strands involving an anti-government theme. This unique aspect of Fahrenheit 451 h as earned the attentionRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Vs. 1984970 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451 vs. 1984 Ray Bradbury and George Orwell share a very similar theme in their two novels, Fahrenheit 451 and 1984. Winston Smith and Guy Montag work within an authoritarian organization, in which, they have opposing views of the authority. The novels are placed in a dystopian setting that the authority believes is a utopia. The dystopian fictions both have very similar predictions of the future. The predictions from these novels have not happened. However, it could be a short matterRead MoreEssay on Fahrenheit 451 Sybolism of Fire646 Words   |  3 PagesThe Symbolism of Fire Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, is a novel filled with many symbols. The symbolism used in this novel varies from different animals to things in nature. One of the biggest symbols throughout the novel is fire. Fire has multiple meanings in Fahrenheit 451, and is usually symbolized as something to be feared. Throughout the novel, fire is something that people do not want, even though it can be so much more than a bad thing. Fire can represent knowledge and awareness, rebirth

Parts of Speech Essay Thesis Example For Students

Parts of Speech Essay Thesis Why? Under what conditions? To what degree? Example: a well argued essay. 3. Article precedes a noun phrase and is either definite (the) or indefinite (a/an) in repertory. Example: An (indefinite article) argumentative (adjective) essay that is persuasive is the (definite article) the (definite article) writers mark of success. 4. Conjunction- a conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses and indicates the relationship between the elements joined. Example: An essay can be either argumentative or descriptive but not both. 5. Noun a noun is an animate or inanimate object or concept. Example: an essay (noun) 6. Preposition -a pronoun is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence. Example: The road to hell is usually paved with DOD intentions. 7, pronoun- a pronoun is a word used for a noun, and usually substitutes for a specific noun. As look back now, the approach to teaching the basic patterns of the English language, such as these key parts of speech, have never been too effective. These parts of speech constantly keep being brought up in my daily elite yet somewhere along the lines, we get caught up in simply knowing the parts of speech rather than being able to use them effectively on our pieces of written work. All of these great facts have no purpose if we are unable to use them in our daily lives. Reminiscing back to this seemingly simple concept really does tress how important proper grammar and knowing how to make the eight parts of speech useful truly is. As a student entering the world of learning again, the importance of being a good writer and being well-spoken increasingly influences my life. To be a good writer is one thing, to honestly know what youre trying to portray through your work is a completely different idea on its own. Being knowledgeable about the parts Of speech and how they can be used in many facets Of language is fantastic. Naming the parts of speech in isolation does not bring focus to how important these words can be, but knowing how to effectively use them in writing is What truly is important. These eight concepts of writing came up all throughout the early years of my educational career and theyre importance is brewing back up once again in my life.

U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES In A Darke

U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES In a darkened room at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children, a baby, its head dotted with electrodes, sits in its mother's lap and watches flashing black and white checkerboards and stripes on a television screen. Soon after the test, doctors will know if the child can see and how well it can see. The testing procedure, which involves measuring brain wave activity prompted by visual stimuli (also called visual evoked potentials or VEP's) has been perfected by Drs. Barry Skarf of the Department of Ophthalmology and Moshe Eizenman of U of T's Institute Their procedure is more accurate than tests used elsewhere because Eizenman has developed a novel, real-time computer program to extract brain wave responses from extremely small patterns (similar in size to the bottom line of a standard eye test) which produce much more reliable results. Until now, doctors would have to extrapolate th e baby's ability to see small stimuli from test results using large stimuli. "In Effect, Dr. Eizenman has developed a way of looking at brain waves that is more sensitive than methods previously available, " says Skarf. At the HSC, VEP's are used in a number of clinical applications: to determine whether a visual problem is cognitive; to assess whether babies who don't appear to see well will see better in the future; to determine a course of treatment for such problems in which one eye turns in or is weaker than the other eye. The second aspect of the researchers' work involves the development of a stimulator for stereopsis, or binocular vision, which is the fusing of images from both eyes into one picture that has depth. "The problem with testing binocular vision, " explains Skarf, "is that most stimuli presented to young children have other cues that can be seen with one eye alone. We wanted to devise stimuli that can only be seen by b oth eyes together and would produce specific brain waves to the stimuli." Based on a binocular stimulus invented by an American researcher, Eizenman had developed a stimulus that generates a pattern on a tv screen which looks like distortion (a snow storm) when viewed with only one eye, but when viewed through special glasses with both eyes emits a distinctive three- dimensional pattern. Skarf and Eizenman are now testing binocular VEP's on young children. They are examining children with normal sight and evaluating eye function in children with visual disorders. This is the first test of binocular vision to be carried out with large numbers. "Using this binocular stimulus with the very sensitive detector system for analyzing responses, we hope to have a system which will allow us to test binocular vision in young babies, quickly and easily, and to measure responses in a better way than before." In addition to this clinical research, Skarf now wants to direct his attention to some basic research questions about the development of vision. "We are interested in more than just developing tools. We want to know how binocular vision develops and which factors interfere with development. We want to find out what wheels turn in the brain to produce lazy eyes and impaired binocular vision." Skarf and Eizenman receive funding from the Medical Research Council of Canada. CONTACT: Barry Skarf (416)598-6133 Moshe Eizenman (416)978-5523

Study for Final Essay Example

Study for Final Essay Example Study for Final Essay Study for Final Essay 1. Under which of the following circumstances will the seller pay the whole of an excise (per unit) tax? a)when the tax is collected from the buyer b)when the supply curve has a zero elasticity c)when the demand curve has a zero elasticity d)when the tax is collected from the seller The following three questions refer to the accompanying diagram of a competitive market. Refer to Figure 3 above. A per unit tax is imposed on consumers. The initial price and quantity are P0 and Q0, respectively. After the tax is imposed, the equilibrium quantity is Q1, firms receive the price Ps, and consumers pay the price Pd. . Area C + D + F + G is a)the tax revenue collected by the government b)the total value that consumers receive from their purchases c)the fall in producers surplus d)the deadweight loss due to the tax 3. Refer to Figure 3 above. Which is the deadweight loss from the imposition of the tax? a)E b)E + H c)H d)J e)E + H + J 4. In the perfectly competitive firm a)the demand curve appe ars to be horizontal b)the supply curve appears to be horizontal c)the supply curve is the MC curve above average variable costs d)the supply curve is the MC curve above average fixed costs e)a and c of the above . For a firm in short run perfectly competitive equilibrium a)P=MC b)AR=MC c)AR=MR d)all of the above e)a and b of the above 6. In short run perfectly competitive equilibrium, profits for the typical firm are given by (* indicate the value at the firm’s profit maximizing quantity) a)(P*-MC*)q* b)(P*-AC*)q* c)(MR*-AC*)q* d)(MC*-AC*)q* e)all but a above 7. A firm that is in short run competitive equilibrium and for whom PAVC a)will produce a zero output b)will leave the industry c)will produce the profit maximizing output d)a and c of the above e)none of the above 8. When a simple monopolist – no price discrimination chooses to sell an additional unit of a good or service a)marginal revenue will be equal to the going market price b)it will have to lower its price on the additional unit and on all other units c)marginal revenue will always be negative d)marginal revenue will be less than the price e)b and d QuantityPriceTotal RevenueAverage RevenueMarginal Revenue 135 35 2 6432 29 329 4 17 523 11 6120 717 -1 8 -7 9 9911-13 9. If the monopolist wants to maximize its revenue, how many units of its product should it sell? a)4 b)5 c)6 d)8 10. Assume this monopolists marginal cost is constant at $11. What quantity of output (Q) will it produce and what price (P) will it charge? a)Q = 4, P = $27 b)Q = 4, P = $25 c)Q = 5, P = $23 d)Q = 7, P = $17 Suppose that the industry price of this product is $12 in a competitive industry. Every firm in the industry has fixed costs of $10 and has the following marginal cost s: Quantity Marginal Cost 1 $4 2 6 3 8 4 10 5 12 11. How many units does a firm produce? a)2 b)3 c)4 d)5 e)Not enough information 12. How much profit does the firm earn? a)2 b)6 c)8 d)10 e)Not enough information

American Television In The 1950s And 1960s

American Television In The 1950s And 1960s The televisual representation of black people had been a highly contested phenomenon since the television broadcast of ‘Amos ‘n’ Andy’ in June 1951. It is believed that ‘Amos ‘n’ Andy’ defined for the first time the side that television was to take in the postwar to represent Black people in America. In Amos ‘n’ Andy, Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll created and fixed an image of blackness, black people believed, which made racist Americans fight against them more and more. The program lasted just two years and was cancelled in the midst of growing protest by the black community in 1953. Because ‘The Jeffersons ‘ not only was the first TV programs which featured African-Americans in leading roles since the cancellation of the infamous ‘Amos ‘n’ Andy’ show in 1953, but also the first television program to feature black couples. Because it was the first time television showed a ric h, successful African American family, many people believed that the appearance of ‘The Jeffersons ‘was the first positive image of a new role model of Black African American families on television. However, John D.H.   [ 1 ]   pointed out that this television show may have been just ‘a typical of American television fare’ because ‘media image of American of African descent have ranged from the blatantly to the latently racist’. ‘Father knows best’ was, the first white family television sitcom and popular around 1950s-1960s. Therefore, I would like to use both ‘The Jefferson’ and ‘father knows best’ as examples to examine how ‘race’ was constructed by American televisual representation. Just a few years after the Second World War, how to attain and live the American dream became one of the most prominent themes of the 1950s .Therefore, for helping Americans rebuild their dream, television p rogram in 1950s was made as a creation of American dream rather than a reflection of society.   [ 2 ]   The television producers believed when people conformed to the ideal of beneficial families bring those family audiences stand up to the same level and made people more enjoy the sitcom and their life.   [ 3 ]   According to Census, in 1950, â€Å"families with both the head and his wife present,† were apparently the norm, accounting for 87.1%. A non-couple household was counted for 3.6%. The figure of independent female household just was 9.3%. it mean, during that period, most Americans demanded to see a family television shows which ‘defined a household in patriarchal and nuclear terms, with the centre assumed to be a male breadwinner heading a household of his dependent wife and children’. Therefore by adopting that idea, in ‘Father knows best’s world Andersons family has an upper-class, white-collar fathers, a stay-at-home wives, and t wo or three children whom lived in suburban. The television show offered viewers a comforting unified vision of the American family. In most episodes of ‘Father knows best’ the stories were all about how the father helped the family find out one or two beneficial social formations from their everyday life. Moreover, by showing a special episode ‘the importance of a strong American democracy’ in ‘school, churched, civic organization ‘, United State Treasury Department promoted U.S. Saving Bones. Given the sitcom show title â€Å"father who knows best,† the television producers hoped that the way of lived in â€Å"father who knows best† would made the majority of Americans understood what real meaning of â€Å"beneficial family† was.

Business Ethic and Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Business Ethic and Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example Oil is a major contributor to greenhouse gases which results in climate change. The company is on a drive to become more socially responsible by not only reducing its carbon footprints but by improving the safety of its work environment and is employees. In so doing it seeks to reduce the number of accidents and fatalities as well as the number of oil spills, blowouts and flarings at its operations globally. Shell has faced a lot of criticisms from the communities in which it operates and non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) that are concerned about the companies safety practices, the environment and human rights. The company is currently working with communities, its partners and NGO’s in order to deal with potential impacts and also to share the benefits that derive from operations and projects. Shell’s Display of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) According to the company’s CEO Vosser (2010, qtd. in Shell 2010), strong principles as well as the development of trust are fundamental to shells approach and the respect for human rights is deeply entrenched in the company’s General Business Principles which it proudly boasts as having being developed since 1976. Vosser (2010, qtd in Shell 2010) also reveals that the company has adopted transparency as a way of dealing with some of its problems at its operations in Nigeria which has been plagued by operational spills, spills arising from sabotage and spills arising from the theft of fuel. This allows it to keep track of spills in order to determine the main cause. With respect to safety, the company has signed up with the UN Global Compact LEAD which seeks to reinforce commitment by businesses to the principles of Global Compact. Shell has been a member of this group since 2000. The company’s safety measures has been heightened as a result of the BP Deepwater Ho rizon incident in the Gulf of Mexico which dominated the news all over the world in 2010 and the oil spill that resulted. Shell believes that it has the necessary skills and technical expertise to avert such a situation in its operations based on its stringent operating standards which it applies globally. This is a demonstration of its ability to operate in a socially responsible manner despite the diversity of challenges the company faces. Shell’s goal is zero fatality and zero accidents (Shell 2010). In terms of safety in its deepwater operations the company ensures that the persons employed in this area of its operations are properly trained and are competent to handle the requirements of the job. Shell’s focus on the environment lies in some key areas, including CO2, flaring, spills, and the company’s use of water. The company has invested in technology that will lead to more energy efficient refineries and chemical plants. To this end the company has devel oped carbon capture and storage technology to effectively reduce carbon emissions. The company is working assiduously to reduce gas flarings in Nigeria; one of its locations in which it seeks to tackle environmental problems head on. In order to assist in the improvement of standards and practices that may lead to environmental sustainability the company is working with some leading environmental organisations in the quest to adhere to proper environmental management of the energy sector. In addition to providing jobs and training for its employees, Shell also shares the benefits of its operations with the communities in which it operates by providing contracts for goods and services and by

My Sister's Keeper by Jodi Picoult Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

My Sister's Keeper by Jodi Picoult - Essay Example When Anna files a lawsuit to take full control of her body, she is self-centered because her decision is mainly to put her self-interest above her sister’s life. Kate is destined to die without Anna’s kidney. This paper seeks to explore Anna Fitzgerald as the protagonist in the book My Sister’s Keeper. Anna Fitzgerald, a thirteen-year-old sister and daughter is characterized to be subtly assertive. This is evident when she obtains a court order to be in full control of her body. She displays a character that is funny and thoughtful, as she is the only member of the family who seems to bring color and life to her family that has been immensely devastated by Kate’s illness. Anna is inquisitive. Unlike most children, she asks the reason for her existence beyond the surface-level inquisition. She goes ahead to claim that if outside creatures, such as an alien, see children in this world, they might assume that these children were born out of a drinking spree or a mishap in the use of artificial birth control (Picoult 7). This lamentation is a no-nonsense gibberish for Anna because all her life, her existence was literally purposeful. Her character is always inquisitive by asking, proving, and confirming the nature of her existence. With those questions, she was also able to formulate her own sensible answers. Furthermore, her inquisitive nature was also displayed many times in the book, particularly when she sought the help of Campbell Alexander, the lawyer she wished to defend her in court. She was initially declined, but her inquisitive nature made their conversation going and eventually earned the approval of Alexander to present her. Anna Fitzgerald also emerges intelligent. This observation is evident when she effortlessly elaborated the cases that she thought would be related to her possible case. More importantly, her intelligence was seen in the entire book as she manages to bring to the

Analyzing the Effects of Educational Structure of Vietnam on the Greate

Analyzing the Effects of Educational Structures and Opportunities of Vietnam on the Greater Society Abstract: Education attainment is the highest level of formal education a person achieves within a given society. With education there are more opportunities, including a better standard of living. Vietnam is a developing country that sees the benefits of higher education, but due to structural problems, students and administration are dealt with many pressures to overcome. This paper uses structural theories of Weber and Parsons to analyze the current situations in Vietnam. By using public publications and personal interviews, inferences are made about the future development of the country. ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE OF VIETNAM ON THE GREATER SOCIETY â€Å"Hope is important because it can make the present moment less difficult to bear. If we believe that tomorrow will be better, we can bear a hardship today.† - Thà ­ch Nhá º ¥t Há º ¡nh, This quote spoken by Thà ­ch Nhá º ¥t Há º ¡nh, a religious scholar, Buddhist monk and activist from Vietnam represents the aspiration to have a better life that all people seek. This message, while short, concisely represents the attitudes of many individuals coming from impoverished or developing countries. Generally from a sociological perspective, aspiration profoundly influences people to achieve. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a Southeast Asian nation on the brinks of social development within both public and private sectors. The country which is noted for its single party communist agenda with French civil statute influences, it has re-opened western diplomacy in the last two decades since the Vietnam War. The summer of 2010 marked Vietnam’s 15th ann... ...the abilities for individuals to make decisions accordingly. In particular, family units may influence big decisions, such as what university or college to enter and what a child should choose as a major. Of course, various family units may have varying demands on members, depending on living conditions. This topic will be further discussed later in this paper. In society, there is what sociologists call life chances. Max Weber developed this term and it refers to the opportunities available for a given person within a society (Anderson and Howard 2009). As indicated in our introduction, this often reflects particular stratification of an individual. This also correlates with how individuals interact within society as an institution. Perhaps, life chances could be grouped with the adaptation function with student’s using the resources that are presented to them.

Documentation(Cebu-Bohol Tour)

TOUR CEBU-BOHOL TRIP A few months ago, on September 25 to 30, 2010, we, the students of the STI College of Cotabato, had an educational tour of Cebu and Bohol, both of which are major tourist spots of the country. The given activity was prepared and realized with the purpose of exposing us to two of the most visited places in the Philippines—to let us experience and see for ourselves the feel of the dynamic tourism there and to know about the current trends regarding the field of hotel and restaurant management which, as we know, consists of work that entails lodging and food service, and plays an essential role in the tourism industry. The trip is considered to be a significant part of our training as aspiring hotel and restaurant managers, owners and/or workforce in the future. The school believed that for us to be effective and efficient members of the hotel industry, we should first be involved in excursions like that in order for us to grasp fully the reality of our chosen future careers and get a clear view of its know-how as well as to learn and obtain new ideas which we could apply in the long run. Being a major tourist destination that they are, Cebu and Bohol’s hotels and restaurants are without a doubt in demand. The school did not overlook that and made a great decision of choosing the two for it is, nonetheless, one of the best places of exposure. Over the years, with the advancement of technology, new developments are also inevitable and have surface especially in the competitive world of hotel industry which has truly evolved a lot. For that reason, we are truly glad that through the activity that we had, we were able to learn something innovative which we could not do so the other way around and just by being inside the four walls of our classrooms. We did not only visited the places just for the sake of seeing its physical beauty and take pictures of it like most tourists do but we went there with the very intention of learning especially from the seminars that we attended. The trip that started on the 25th of September 2010 was wisely spent and was efficiently arranged to really fit all the many places that we were able to visit. On the second day, we arrived at Bohol by 6:00am and checked-in at the Bohol Plaza Mountain Resort. It was a 4-star resort built on a mountain or more appropriately, a hill, hence the name, which has a spectacular view of the mainland of Bohol and faces the city of Tagbilaran. We also went to see the mysterious Chocolate Hills and were truly awed by the beauty it possessed. When noon came, we lunched at the famous restaurant on a boat known as The Floating Restaurant via the Loboc River Cruise and were greeted by a sumptuous and delicious meal. After which, we had the Tarsier encounter at the Corella and Tarsier Visitors Center and saw the extinction-threatened smallest primate on Earth, the Tarsier. And then we got to the blood compact site, the place where the sanduguan between the Spaniards and our ancestors during the 1500s transpired and were briefly informed about the rich history of Bohol. In line with that, we were made to see some of the ancestral houses in the place that were preserved and stood the test of time. It now operates as a tourist end including the great churches that were also built ages ago, particularly the Baclayon Church which is one of the oldest churches in the Philippines. In addition to that, we had a stopover at the other resorts in Bohol and at the Bee Farm which provided us a rare experience of organic delights. Moreover, we were able to see the splendor of Cebu while on tour, including its magnificent ancestral houses and the churches of the Basilica de Sto. Nino and Cathedral Church that significantly mirrored the rich culture and history of the place. In 1521, the Spanish conqueror Ferdinand Magellan arrived there and in that same year, planted a big wooden cross at the place where the first Filipinos were baptized as Christians. Currently, this place is a big tourist attraction and is called as the Magellan’s Cross. Consequent to that, we set out to see Cebu’s Beverly Hills Subdivision where people could find the affluent gated communities of the place and the idyllic Chinese Taoist Temple that is the center of worship for Taoism open to worshipers and non-worshipers alike. After lunch, we continue to explore Cebu at its best and saw the oldest street there known as the Colon Street. We likewise went to the University of San Jose-Recoletos, a Catholic private university that is considered to be one of the excellent schools in the land and had a tour of the area. For our next destination, we went to the Mactan Shrine where the statue of our first hero, Lapu-Lapu, could be found and had a souvenir shopping. Cebu, like the other well-developed cities in Manila, is a metropolitan area and branded as the center of business and trade in the Visayas. It is identified for its many skyscrapers that has been scattered all over the place which includes our next stop, to one of Cebu’s finest commercial sites, the Ayala Center. However, though we really had fun, we were also exhausted from the day’s activity and, as explorers of the place, I think it is important that we have a comfortable place to spend the night and regain our strength for yet another busy day. The Crown Regency Hotel did not disappoint us on that and gave us what we all need after a long day around town. While there, we were able to get what I think all tourists deserve—that ‘home-away-from-home comfort’ through the superb hotel accommodation and service that they have. We spent our fourth day a little bit different from the past three days. Instead of touring the other landmark of Cebu and Bohol, we attended a seminar on bed-making, flaring and other things involving hotel and restaurant accommodations at the Crown Regency Hotel. Lessons on the hotel’s activity were given to us and before lunchtime, we were escorted up to take a look at their rooms that displayed different themes—depending on the preferences of their customers—and onto the hotel’s roof deck. Afterwards, we went into a beachfront hotel and resort, the Imperial Palace, and had one more seminar regarding the hotel’s services, the silverwares and utensils they are using and so on. When the seminar ended, we proceeded to go to SM Cebu. Along the way, we were able to pass by an outstanding and splendid hotel, considered to be among the top hotels in Asia—the Plantation Bay—which showcased a variety of fruit plantations along its entrance. Sadly, we were not able to take a look inside. All in all, it was a fun-filled learning experience, with all of us getting along and contributing to the success of the activity. The tour really left a great impact to most of us and, indeed, it was worth all the long time of preparation, expenses and fatigue. †¦Till then.

The Gender Pay Gap What It Is and Why It Matters

In April  2014, the Paycheck Fairness Act was voted down in the Senate by Republicans. The bill, first approved by the House of Representatives in 2009, is considered by proponents to be an extension of the 1963 Equal Pay Act  and is meant to address the gap in pay between women and men that has persisted despite the 1963 legislation. The Paycheck Fairness Act would allow for the punishment of employers who retaliate against workers for sharing information about pay, puts the burden of justifying gendered wage discrepancies on employers, and gives workers the right to sue for damages if they suffer discrimination. In a memo released on April 5, 2014, the Republican National Committee argued that it opposes the bill because it is already illegal to discriminate on the basis of gender  and because it duplicates the  Equal Pay Act. The memo also stated that the national pay gap between men and women is merely the result of women working in lower-paying fields:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The difference isn’t because of their genders; it’s because of their jobs.† This spurious claim flies in the face of a litany of published empirical research that demonstrates that the gender pay gap is real  and that it exists within—not simply across—occupational categories. According to the NYTimes, federal data shows that it is greatest among the highest paying sectors. The Gender Pay Gap Defined What exactly is the gender pay gap? Simply put, it’s the hard reality that women, within the United States and around the world, earn only a portion of what men earn for doing the same jobs. The gap exists as a universal between the genders, and it exists within the vast majority of occupations. The gender pay gap can be measured in three key ways: by hourly earnings, weekly earnings, and annual income. In all cases, researchers compare median earnings for women versus men. The most recent data, compiled by the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and published in a report by the American Association of University Women (AAUW), show a 23 cent pay gap in weekly earnings for full-time workers on the basis of gender. That means that, overall,  women make just 77 cents to the man’s dollar. Women of color, with the exception of Asian Americans, fare far worse than white women in this regard, as the gender pay gap is exacerbated by racism, past and present. The Pew Research Center reported in 2013 that the hourly earnings pay gap, 16 cents, is smaller than the weekly earnings gap. According to Pew, this calculation vanishes the portion of the gap that exists due to gender disparity in hours worked, which is produced by the fact that women are more likely to work part-time than are men. Using federal data from 2007, Dr. Mariko Lin Chang documented a gendered annual income gap that ranged from zero for never-married women and men, to 13 percent for divorced women, 27 percent for widowed women, and 28 percent for married women. Importantly, Dr. Chang  emphasized that the absence of a gendered income gap for never married women masks a gendered wealth gap  that crosses all income categories. This collection of rigorous and undisputed social science demonstrates that a gender gap exists when measured by hourly wages, weekly earnings, annual income, and wealth. This is very bad news for women and those who depend on them. Debunking the Debunkers Those seeking to â€Å"debunk† the gender pay gap suggest that it is a result of differing levels of education, or of life choices  one might make. However, according to the American Association of University Women, the fact that a 7% weekly earnings gap exists between women and men just one year out of college demonstrates that it cannot be blamed on the â€Å"life choices† of being pregnant, birthing a child, or reducing work in order to care for children or other family members. As far as education, per the AAUW report,  the maddening truth is that the pay gap between men and women actually widens as educational attainment increases. For women, a Masters or professional degree is simply not worth as much as a man’s. The Sociology of the Gender Pay Gap Why do gendered gaps in pay and wealth exist? Simply put, they are the product of historically rooted gender biases that still thrive today. Though many Americans would claim otherwise, these data clearly show that the vast majority of us, regardless of gender, view men’s labor as more valuable than women’s. This  often unconscious or subconscious assessment of labor value is influenced strongly by biased perceptions of individual  qualities thought to be determined by gender. These often break down as gendered binaries that directly favor men, like the idea that men are strong and women are weak, that men are rational while women are emotional, or that men are leaders and women are followers. These sorts of gender biases even appear in how people describe inanimate objects, depending on whether they are classified as masculine or feminine in their native language. Studies that examine gender discrimination in the  evaluation of student performance and in hiring, professor interest in mentoring students, even in the wording of job listings, have demonstrated a clear gender bias that unjustly favors men. Certainly, legislation like the Paycheck Fairness Act would  help make visible, and thus challenge, the gender pay gap by providing legal channels for addressing this form of everyday discrimination. But if we really want to eliminate it, we as a society have to do the collective work of unlearning the gender biases  that live deep within each of us.  We can begin this work in our everyday lives by challenging assumptions based on gender made both by ourselves and those around us. Recent Attempts at Passage of the Paycheck Fairness Act In March 2019, the Democrat-dominated House of Representatives passed the H.R.7 - Paycheck Fairness Act, a new attempt at the legislation that was first introduced in 1997. The bill was then sent to the Republican-dominated Senate, where it faces an uphill battle.